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The focus of this technical guide is on variable renewable energy (VRE), which is a non-dispatchable energy resource due to its fluctuation depending on the season and time of the day. Unlike other forms of renewable energy, VRE cannot be stored or increased/decreased other than when nature provides. Solar and wind power are the most prevalent and industrially proven VREs on the market, and their construction and operations have yielded substantial benefits in terms of inexpensive power and low environmental impact. Also, solar and wind installations can be built relatively quickly, often in 6 - 12 months, depending on the size of the power plant – which presents a major incentive in rapidly-growing, emerging economies with an urgent need for power. However, the increased VRE generation has made it more difficult for grid operators to manage the variability of the energy resource while maintaining grid reliability and optimizing grid performance, grid stability, and quality of power supply.